 Thyroxine
"Thyroxine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
| Descriptor ID |
D013974
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| MeSH Number(s) |
D06.472.931.812 D12.125.072.050.767
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| Concept/Terms |
Thyroxine- Thyroxine
- L-3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine
- L-Thyroxine
- L Thyroxine
- Thyroxin
- O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl) 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine
- O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodotyrosine
- T4 Thyroid Hormone
- Thyroid Hormone, T4
- 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine
- Levothyroxine
Levothroid- Levothroid
- Aventis Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
- Forest Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Levoxyl- Levoxyl
- Monarch Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Lévothyrox- Lévothyrox
- Merck Lipha Santé Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Novothyrox- Novothyrox
- Genpharm Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Oroxine- Oroxine
- Sigma Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Synthroid- Synthroid
- Abbot Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Synthrox- Synthrox
- Vortex Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Thyrax- Thyrax
- Nourypharma Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Tiroidine- Tiroidine
- Rudefsa Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Tiroxina Leo- Tiroxina Leo
- Leo, Tiroxina
- Byk Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Unithroid- Unithroid
- Watson Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Berlthyrox- Berlthyrox
- Berlin-Chemie Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
- Berlin Chemie Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Dexnon- Dexnon
- Kern Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Eferox- Eferox
- Hexal Brand 1 of Levothyroxine Sodium
Eltroxin- Eltroxin
- GlaxoSmithKline Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
- Goldshield Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
- Thevier
- Allphar Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
- GlaxoWellcome Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Euthyrox- Euthyrox
- Merck Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
- Eutirox
L-Thyrox- L-Thyrox
- L Thyrox
- Hexal Brand 2 of Levothyroxine Sodium
L-Thyroxin beta- L-Thyroxin beta
- L Thyroxin beta
- LThyroxin beta
- betapharm Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
L-Thyroxin Henning- L-Thyroxin Henning
- L Thyroxin Henning
- LThyroxin Henning
- Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
- Henning Berlin Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
L-Thyroxine Roche- L-Thyroxine Roche
- L Thyroxine Roche
- Roche Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Levo-T- Levo-T
- Levo T
- LevoT
- Mova Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
Levothyroxin Deladande- Levothyroxin Deladande
- Deladande, Levothyroxin
- Levothyroxin Delalande
- Delalande, Levothyroxin
- Delalande Brand of Levothyroxine Sodium
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Thyroxine".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Thyroxine".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Thyroxine" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Thyroxine" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
|---|
| 2024 | 1 | 3 | 4 | | 2023 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2022 | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 2021 | 5 | 2 | 7 | | 2020 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 2019 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2017 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2016 | 4 | 1 | 5 | | 2015 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | 2012 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1998 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 1997 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1995 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1989 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
To return to the timeline, click here.
Below are the most recent publications written about "Thyroxine" by people in Profiles over the past ten years.
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Maraka S, Dosiou C. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Pregnancy: To Treat or Not to Treat. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2024 Sep; 53(3):363-376.
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Hidalgo J, Lincango EP, Cordova-Madera S, Ruiz-Arellanos K, Wenczenovicz C, Ponce O, ?lvarez-Villalobos N, Rao A, Singh Ospina NM, Maraka S, Acosta GJ, Brito JP. Interventions to improve symptomatology in patients with hypothyroidism and persistent symptoms: A systematic review. Endocrine. 2024 Jun; 84(3):864-873.
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Morris EJ, Vouri SM, Maraka S, Singh Ospina N. Trends and Components of Thyroid Status Evaluation in Commercially Insured Adults in the United States, 2006-2020. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Feb 20; 109(3):611-618.
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Ayala IN, Soto Jacome C, Toro-Tobon D, Golembiewski E, Garcia-Bautista A, Hidalgo J, Cordova-Madera S, Al Anbari R, Sohn R J, Singh Ospina N, Maraka S, Joseph M, Brito JP. Appropriateness of Levothyroxine Prescription: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jan 18; 109(2):e765-e772.
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Toloza FJK, El Kawkgi OM, Spencer HJ, Mathews SE, Garcia A, Gamboa A, Mirza N, Mohan S, Vallejo S, Bogojevic M, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Singh Ospina NM, Brito JP, Maraka S. Determinants for Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Electronic Health Records-Based Study. Thyroid. 2023 09; 33(9):1045-1054.
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Osinga JAJ, Derakhshan A, Palomaki GE, Ashoor G, M?nnist? T, Maraka S, Chen L, Bliddal S, Lu X, Taylor PN, Vrijkotte TGM, Tao FB, Brown SJ, Ghafoor F, Poppe K, Veltri F, Chatzi L, Vaidya B, Broeren MAC, Shields BM, Itoh S, Mosso L, Popova PV, Anopova AD, Kishi R, Aminorroaya A, Kianpour M, L?pez-Bermejo A, Oken E, Pirzada A, Vafeiadi M, Bramer WM, Suvanto E, Yoshinaga J, Huang K, Bassols J, Boucai L, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Grineva EN, Pearce EN, Alexander EK, Pop VJM, Nelson SM, Walsh JP, Peeters RP, Chaker L, Nicolaides KH, D'Alton ME, Korevaar TIM. TSH and FT4 Reference Intervals in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 09 28; 107(10):2925-2933.
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Peng CC, Maraka S, Pearce EN. Under and overtreatment with thyroid hormone replacement during pregnancy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2022 10 01; 29(5):474-482.
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Bliddal S, Derakhshan A, Xiao Y, Chen LM, M?nnist? T, Ashoor G, Tao F, Brown SJ, Vafeiadi M, Itoh S, Grineva EN, Taylor P, Ghafoor F, Vaidya B, Hattersley A, Mosso L, Oken E, Kishi R, Alexander EK, Maraka S, Huang K, Chaker L, Bassols J, Pirzada A, L?pez-Bermejo A, Boucai L, Peeters RP, Pearce EN, Nelson SM, Chatzi L, Vrijkotte TG, Popova PV, Walsh JP, Nicolaides KH, Suvanto E, Lu X, Pop VJM, Forman JL, Korevaar TIM, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Association of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Thyroglobulin Antibodies with Thyroid Function in Pregnancy: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2022 07; 32(7):828-840.
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Toloza FJK, Derakhshan A, M?nnist? T, Bliddal S, Popova PV, Carty DM, Chen L, Taylor P, Mosso L, Oken E, Suvanto E, Itoh S, Kishi R, Bassols J, Auvinen J, L?pez-Bermejo A, Brown SJ, Boucai L, Hisada A, Yoshinaga J, Shilova E, Grineva EN, Vrijkotte TGM, Sunyer J, Jim?nez-Zabala A, Ria?o-Galan I, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Prokop LJ, Singh Ospina N, Brito JP, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Alexander EK, Chaker L, Pearce EN, Peeters RP, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Guxens M, Chatzi L, Delles C, Roeters van Lennep JE, Pop VJM, Lu X, Walsh JP, Nelson SM, Korevaar TIM, Maraka S. Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 04; 10(4):243-252.
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Ding Z, Liu Y, Maraka S, Abdelouahab N, Huang HF, Fraser WD, Fan J. Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes With Levothyroxine Treatment in Women With Subclinical Hypothyroidism Based on New Diagnostic Criteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12:797423.
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Baran JA, Bauer AJ, Halada S, Mostoufi-Moab S, Isaza A, Robbins S, Franco AT, Adzick NS, Patel T, Kazahaya K. Clinical Course of Early Postoperative Hypothyroidism Following Thyroid Lobectomy in Pediatrics. Thyroid. 2021 12; 31(12):1786-1793.
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Brito JP, Ross JS, El Kawkgi OM, Maraka S, Deng Y, Shah ND, Lipska KJ. Levothyroxine Use in the United States, 2008-2018. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 10 01; 181(10):1402-1405.
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Millan-Alanis JM, Gonz?lez-Gonz?lez JG, Flores-Rodr?guez A, Singh Ospina N, Maraka S, Moreno-Pe?a PJ, Brito JP, Gonz?lez-Vel?zquez C, Rodr?guez-Guti?rrez R. Benefits and Harms of Levothyroxine/L-Triiodothyronine Versus Levothyroxine Monotherapy for Adult Patients with Hypothyroidism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2021 11; 31(11):1613-1625.
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Toloza FJK, Mao Y, Menon L, George G, Borikar M, Thumma S, Motahari H, Erwin P, Owen R, Maraka S. Association of Thyroid Function with Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Jul 15; 57(7).
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Liu Y, Guo F, Maraka S, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Korevaar TIM, Fan J. Associations between Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Maternal Free Thyroxine, and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Thyroid. 2021 08; 31(8):1282-1288.
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Toloza FJK, Theriot SE, Singh Ospina NM, Nooruddin S, Keathley B, Johnson SM, Payakachat N, Ambrogini E, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, O'Keeffe DT, Brito JP, Montori VM, Dajani NK, Maraka S. Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Treatment Burden Related to the Use of Levothyroxine in Hypothyroid Pregnant Women in the United States. Thyroid. 2021 04; 31(4):669-677.
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Burgos N, Toloza FJK, Singh Ospina NM, Brito JP, Salloum RG, Hassett LC, Maraka S. Clinical Outcomes After Discontinuation of Thyroid Hormone Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2021 05; 31(5):740-751.
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Toloza FJK, Mao Y, Menon LP, George G, Borikar M, Erwin PJ, Owen RR, Maraka S. Association of Thyroid Function with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Endocr Pract. 2020 Oct; 26(10):1173-1185.
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Toloza FJK, Abedzadeh-Anaraki S, Maraka S. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2019 10; 26(5):225-231.
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Frye RE, Wynne R, Rose S, Slattery J, Delhey L, Tippett M, Kahler SG, Bennuri SC, Melnyk S, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. Thyroid dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder is associated with folate receptor a autoimmune disorder. J Neuroendocrinol. 2017 03; 29(3).
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Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Maraka S, Ospina NS, Montori VM, Brito JP. Levothyroxine overuse: time for an about face? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 04; 5(4):246-248.
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Maraka S, Singh Ospina NM, O'Keeffe DT, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Wi CI, Juhn YJ, Coddington CC, Montori VM. Effects of increasing levothyroxine on pregnancy outcomes in women with uncontrolled hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Jan; 86(1):150-155.
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Hirashima R, Michimae H, Takemoto H, Sasaki A, Kobayashi Y, Itoh T, Tukey RH, Fujiwara R. Induction of the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 during the Perinatal Period Can Cause Neurodevelopmental Toxicity. Mol Pharmacol. 2016 09; 90(3):265-74.
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Maraka S, Singh Ospina NM, O'Keeffe DT, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Wi CI, Juhn YJ, Coddington CC, Montori VM, Stan MN. Effects of Levothyroxine Therapy on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2016 07; 26(7):980-6.
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Maraka S, Ospina NM, O'Keeffe DT, Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Gionfriddo MR, Erwin PJ, Coddington CC, Stan MN, Murad MH, Montori VM. Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2016 Apr; 26(4):580-90.
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Fisher W, Wang J, George NI, Gearhart JM, McLanahan ED. Dietary Iodine Sufficiency and Moderate Insufficiency in the Lactating Mother and Nursing Infant: A Computational Perspective. PLoS One. 2016; 11(3):e0149300.
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Maraka S, Ospina NS, Montori VM. Subclinical Hypothyroidism Overdiagnosis in Pregnant Women-Reply. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Nov; 175(11):1873.
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Weltman NY, Pol CJ, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Koder A, Raza S, Zucchi R, Saba A, Colligiani D, Gerdes AM. Long-term physiological T3 supplementation in hypertensive heart disease in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015 Sep 15; 309(6):H1059-65.
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Maraka S, O'Keeffe DT, Montori VM. Subclinical Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy-Should You Expect This When You Are Expecting?: A Teachable Moment. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Jul; 175(7):1088-9.
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