 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
"Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever >38 degrees C or HYPOTHERMIA <36 degrees C; (2) TACHYCARDIA >90 beat/minute; (3) tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) LEUKOCYTOSIS >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms. While usually related to infection, SIRS can also be associated with noninfectious insults such as TRAUMA; BURNS; or PANCREATITIS. If infection is involved, a patient with SIRS is said to have SEPSIS.
| Descriptor ID |
D018746
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| MeSH Number(s) |
C23.550.470.790 C23.550.835.900
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| Concept/Terms |
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome".
- Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
- Sepsis
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
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| 2025 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 2023 | 1 | 5 | 6 | | 2022 | 3 | 6 | 9 | | 2021 | 6 | 1 | 7 | | 2020 | 5 | 1 | 6 | | 2017 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 2015 | 2 | 0 | 2 | | 2009 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1999 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome" by people in Profiles over the past ten years.
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Truong DT, Trachtenberg FL, Hu C, Pearson GD, Friedman K, Sabati AA, Dionne A, Oster ME, Anderson BR, Block J, Bradford TT, Campbell MJ, D'Addese L, Dummer KB, Elias MD, Forsha D, Garuba OD, Hasbani K, Hayes K, Hebson C, Jone PN, Krishnan A, Lang S, McCrindle BW, McHugh KE, Mitchell EC, Morrison T, Muniz JC, Payne RM, Portman MA, Russell MW, Sanil Y, Shakti D, Sharma K, Shea JR, Sykes M, Shekerdemian LS, Szmuszkovicz J, Thacker D, Newburger JW. Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study. JAMA Pediatr. 2025 Mar 01; 179(3):293-301.
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Bauer ME, Fuller M, Kovacheva V, Elkhateb R, Azar K, Caldwell M, Chiem V, Foster M, Gibbs R, Hughes BL, Johnson R, Kottukapally N, Rosenstein MG, Cortes MS, Shields LE, Sudat S, Sutton CD, Toledo P, Traylor A, Wharton K, Main E. Performance Characteristics of Sepsis Screening Tools During Antepartum and Postpartum Admissions. Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Mar 01; 143(3):336-345.
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Main EK, Fuller M, Kovacheva VP, Elkhateb R, Azar K, Caldwell M, Chiem V, Foster M, Gibbs R, Hughes BL, Johnson R, Kottukapally N, Cortes MS, Rosenstein MG, Shields LE, Sudat S, Sutton CD, Toledo P, Traylor A, Wharton K, Bauer ME. Performance Characteristics of Sepsis Screening Tools During Delivery Admissions. Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Mar 01; 143(3):326-335.
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McConnell ZA, Patel KM, Mears SC, Stronach BM, Barnes CL, Stambough JB. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Prosthetic Joint Infection. J Arthroplasty. 2024 01; 39(1):236-241.
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Harahsheh AS, Shah S, Dallaire F, Manlhiot C, Khoury M, Lee S, Fabi M, Mauriello D, Tierney ESS, Sabati AA, Dionne A, Dahdah N, Choueiter N, Thacker D, Giglia TM, Truong DT, Jain S, Portman M, Orr WB, Harris TH, Szmuszkovicz JR, Farid P, McCrindle BW. Kawasaki Disease in the Time of COVID-19 and MIS-C: The International Kawasaki Disease Registry. Can J Cardiol. 2024 01; 40(1):58-72.
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Zambrano LD, Wu MJ, Martin L, Malloch L, Chen S, Newhams MM, Kucukak S, Son MB, Sanders C, Patterson K, Halasa N, Fitzgerald JC, Leroue MK, Hall M, Irby K, Rowan CM, Wellnitz K, Sahni LC, Loftis L, Bradford TT, Staat M, Babbitt C, Carroll CL, Pannaraj PS, Kong M, Schuster JE, Chou J, Patel MM, Randolph AG, Campbell AP, Hobbs CV. Risk Factors for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case-control Investigation. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2023 06 01; 42(6):e190-e196.
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Jose J, Tierney ESS, Harahsheh AS, Dahdah N, Raghuveer G, Friedman KG, Khoury M, Hicar MD, Merves SA, Dallaire F, Farid P, Manlhiot C, Runeckles K, Misra N, Portman M, Ballweg JA, Lee S, Jain SS, Harris TH, Szmuszkovicz JR, Orr W, Larios G, McCrindle BW. COVID-19 Positive Versus Negative Complete Kawasaki Disease: A Study from the International Kawasaki Disease Registry. Pediatr Cardiol. 2023 Aug; 44(6):1373-1381.
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Sigal GB, Novak T, Mathew A, Chou J, Zhang Y, Manjula N, Bathala P, Joe J, Padmanabhan N, Romero D, Allegri-Machado G, Joerger J, Loftis LL, Schwartz SP, Walker TC, Fitzgerald JC, Tarquinio KM, Zinter MS, Schuster JE, Halasa NB, Cullimore ML, Maddux AB, Staat MA, Irby K, Flori HR, Coates BM, Crandall H, Gertz SJ, Randolph AG, Pollock NR. Measurement of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigens in Plasma of Pediatric Patients With Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Using an Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Immunoassay. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 10 12; 75(8):1351-1358.
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Maddux AB, Berbert L, Young CC, Feldstein LR, Zambrano LD, Kucukak S, Newhams MM, Miller K, FitzGerald MM, He J, Halasa NB, Cvijanovich NZ, Loftis LL, Walker TC, Schwartz SP, Gertz SJ, Tarquinio KM, Fitzgerald JC, Kong M, Schuster JE, Mack EH, Hobbs CV, Rowan CM, Staat MA, Zinter MS, Irby K, Crandall H, Flori H, Cullimore ML, Nofziger RA, Shein SL, Gaspers MG, Hume JR, Levy ER, Chen SR, Patel MM, Tenforde MW, Weller E, Campbell AP, Randolph AG. Health Impairments in Children and Adolescents After Hospitalization for Acute COVID-19 or MIS-C. Pediatrics. 2022 09 01; 150(3).
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Sayed IA, Bhalala U, Strom L, Tripathi S, Kim JS, Michaud K, Chiotos K, Dapul HR, Gharpure VP, Bjornstad EC, Heneghan JA, Irby K, Montgomery V, Gupta N, Gupta M, Boman K, Bansal V, Kashyap R, Walkey AJ, Kumar VK, Gist KM. Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Hospitalized Children With Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Condition: An Analysis of the VIRUS COVID-19 Registry. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022 09 01; 41(9):751-758.
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Tang J, Novak T, Hecker J, Grubbs G, Zahra FT, Bellusci L, Pourhashemi S, Chou J, Moffitt K, Halasa NB, Schwartz SP, Walker TC, Tarquinio KM, Zinter MS, Staat MA, Gertz SJ, Cvijanovich NZ, Schuster JE, Loftis LL, Coates BM, Mack EH, Irby K, Fitzgerald JC, Rowan CM, Kong M, Flori HR, Maddux AB, Shein SL, Crandall H, Hume JR, Hobbs CV, Tremoulet AH, Shimizu C, Burns JC, Chen SR, Moon HK, Lange C, Randolph AG, Khurana S. Cross-reactive immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is low in pediatric patients with prior COVID-19 or MIS-C. Nat Commun. 2022 05 27; 13(1):2979.
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Martin B, DeWitt PE, Russell S, Anand A, Bradwell KR, Bremer C, Gabriel D, Girvin AT, Hajagos JG, McMurry JA, Neumann AJ, Pfaff ER, Walden A, Wooldridge JT, Yoo YJ, Saltz J, Gersing KR, Chute CG, Haendel MA, Moffitt R, Bennett TD. Characteristics, Outcomes, and Severity Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children in the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 02 01; 5(2):e2143151.
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Zambrano LD, Newhams MM, Olson SM, Halasa NB, Price AM, Boom JA, Sahni LC, Kamidani S, Tarquinio KM, Maddux AB, Heidemann SM, Bhumbra SS, Bline KE, Nofziger RA, Hobbs CV, Bradford TT, Cvijanovich NZ, Irby K, Mack EH, Cullimore ML, Pannaraj PS, Kong M, Walker TC, Gertz SJ, Michelson KN, Cameron MA, Chiotos K, Maamari M, Schuster JE, Orzel AO, Patel MM, Campbell AP, Randolph AG. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA Vaccination Against Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among Persons Aged 12-18 Years - United States, July-December 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jan 14; 71(2):52-58.
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He M, Leone DM, Frye R, Ferdman DJ, Shabanova V, Kosiv KA, Sugeng L, Faherty E, Karnik R. Longitudinal Assessment of Global and Regional Left Ventricular Strain in Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Pediatr Cardiol. 2022 Apr; 43(4):844-854.
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Bhalala US, Gist KM, Tripathi S, Boman K, Kumar VK, Retford L, Chiotos K, Blatz AM, Dapul H, Verma S, Sayed IA, Gharpure VP, Bjornstad E, Tofil N, Irby K, Sanders RC, Heneghan JA, Thomas M, Gupta MK, Oulds FE, Arteaga GM, Levy ER, Gupta N, Kaufman M, Abdelaty A, Shlomovich M, Medar SS, Iqbal O'Meara AM, Kuehne J, Menon S, Khandhar PB, Miller AS, Barry SM, Danesh VC, Khanna AK, Zammit K, Stulce C, McGonagill PW, Bercow A, Amzuta IG, Gupta S, Almazyad MA, Pierre L, Sendi P, Ishaque S, Anderson HL, Nawathe P, Akhter M, Lyons PG, Chen C, Walkey AJ, Bihorac A, Wada Bello I, Ben Ari J, Kovacevic T, Bansal V, Brinton JT, Zimmerman JJ, Kashyap R. Characterization and Outcomes of Hospitalized Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Report From a Multicenter, Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Registry. Crit Care Med. 2022 01 01; 50(1):e40-e51.
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Espa?ol MG, Gardner RV, Alicea-Marrero MM, Marrero-Rivera G, Bradford T, LeBlanc DM, Velez MC. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19: A Case Report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2022 Jan 01; 44(1):e134-e137.
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Khan M, Dang L, Singh H, Dalrymple A, Miller A, Tanios A. Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-Related Clinical Syndromes in Children: A Year in the Life. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2022 02; 61(2):188-193.
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Mohsin SS, Abbas Q, Chowdhary D, Khalid F, Sheikh AS, Ali Khan ZG, Aslam N, Bhatti OA, Inam M, Saleem AF, Bhutta AT. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in Pakistani children: A description of the phenotypes and comparison with historical cohorts of children with Kawasaki disease and myocarditis. PLoS One. 2021; 16(6):e0253625.
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Son MBF, Murray N, Friedman K, Young CC, Newhams MM, Feldstein LR, Loftis LL, Tarquinio KM, Singh AR, Heidemann SM, Soma VL, Riggs BJ, Fitzgerald JC, Kong M, Doymaz S, Giuliano JS, Keenaghan MA, Hume JR, Hobbs CV, Schuster JE, Clouser KN, Hall MW, Smith LS, Horwitz SM, Schwartz SP, Irby K, Bradford TT, Maddux AB, Babbitt CJ, Rowan CM, McLaughlin GE, Yager PH, Maamari M, Mack EH, Carroll CL, Montgomery VL, Halasa NB, Cvijanovich NZ, Coates BM, Rose CE, Newburger JW, Patel MM, Randolph AG. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - Initial Therapy and Outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2021 07 01; 385(1):23-34.
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LaRovere KL, Riggs BJ, Poussaint TY, Young CC, Newhams MM, Maamari M, Walker TC, Singh AR, Dapul H, Hobbs CV, McLaughlin GE, Son MBF, Maddux AB, Clouser KN, Rowan CM, McGuire JK, Fitzgerald JC, Gertz SJ, Shein SL, Munoz AC, Thomas NJ, Irby K, Levy ER, Staat MA, Tenforde MW, Feldstein LR, Halasa NB, Giuliano JS, Hall MW, Kong M, Carroll CL, Schuster JE, Doymaz S, Loftis LL, Tarquinio KM, Babbitt CJ, Nofziger RA, Kleinman LC, Keenaghan MA, Cvijanovich NZ, Spinella PC, Hume JR, Wellnitz K, Mack EH, Michelson KN, Flori HR, Patel MM, Randolph AG. Neurologic Involvement in Children and Adolescents Hospitalized in the United States for COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. JAMA Neurol. 2021 05 01; 78(5):536-547.
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Feldstein LR, Tenforde MW, Friedman KG, Newhams M, Rose EB, Dapul H, Soma VL, Maddux AB, Mourani PM, Bowens C, Maamari M, Hall MW, Riggs BJ, Giuliano JS, Singh AR, Li S, Kong M, Schuster JE, McLaughlin GE, Schwartz SP, Walker TC, Loftis LL, Hobbs CV, Halasa NB, Doymaz S, Babbitt CJ, Hume JR, Gertz SJ, Irby K, Clouser KN, Cvijanovich NZ, Bradford TT, Smith LS, Heidemann SM, Zackai SP, Wellnitz K, Nofziger RA, Horwitz SM, Carroll RW, Rowan CM, Tarquinio KM, Mack EH, Fitzgerald JC, Coates BM, Jackson AM, Young CC, Son MBF, Patel MM, Newburger JW, Randolph AG. Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2021 03 16; 325(11):1074-1087.
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Crawford RL, Bolin EH, Prodhan P, Renno MS, Knecht KR. Variable Presentation of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021 02 01; 40(2):e88-e90.
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Rostad BS, Shah JH, Rostad CA, Jaggi P, Richer EJ, Linam LE, Alazraki AL, Riedesel EL, Milla SS. Chest radiograph features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) compared to pediatric COVID-19. Pediatr Radiol. 2021 02; 51(2):231-238.
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Calcaterra G, Mehta JL, Fanos V, Bassareo PP. Insights on Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome: relationship with COVID-19 infection. Minerva Pediatr (Torino). 2021 06; 73(3):203-208.
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Alamarat Z, P?rez N, Wootton S, Kamdar A, Smith K, Heresi GP, Chang M. Murine Typhus Outbreak Presenting as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020 12; 39(12):e447-e449.
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Alsaied T, Tremoulet AH, Burns JC, Saidi A, Dionne A, Lang SM, Newburger JW, de Ferranti S, Friedman KG. Review of Cardiac Involvement in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Circulation. 2021 01 05; 143(1):78-88.
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Rostad CA, Chahroudi A, Mantus G, Lapp SA, Teherani M, Macoy L, Tarquinio KM, Basu RK, Kao C, Linam WM, Zimmerman MG, Shi PY, Menachery VD, Oster ME, Edupuganti S, Anderson EJ, Suthar MS, Wrammert J, Jaggi P. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Serology in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C). Pediatrics. 2020 12; 146(6).
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Feldstein LR, Rose EB, Horwitz SM, Collins JP, Newhams MM, Son MBF, Newburger JW, Kleinman LC, Heidemann SM, Martin AA, Singh AR, Li S, Tarquinio KM, Jaggi P, Oster ME, Zackai SP, Gillen J, Ratner AJ, Walsh RF, Fitzgerald JC, Keenaghan MA, Alharash H, Doymaz S, Clouser KN, Giuliano JS, Gupta A, Parker RM, Maddux AB, Havalad V, Ramsingh S, Bukulmez H, Bradford TT, Smith LS, Tenforde MW, Carroll CL, Riggs BJ, Gertz SJ, Daube A, Lansell A, Coronado Munoz A, Hobbs CV, Marohn KL, Halasa NB, Patel MM, Randolph AG. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2020 07 23; 383(4):334-346.
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DeBiasi RL, Song X, Delaney M, Bell M, Smith K, Pershad J, Ansusinha E, Hahn A, Hamdy R, Harik N, Hanisch B, Jantausch B, Koay A, Steinhorn R, Newman K, Wessel D. Severe Coronavirus Disease-2019 in Children and Young Adults in the Washington, DC, Metropolitan Region. J Pediatr. 2020 Aug; 223:199-203.e1.
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Annane D, Pastores SM, Arlt W, Balk RA, Beishuizen A, Briegel J, Carcillo J, Christ-Crain M, Cooper MS, Marik PE, Meduri GU, Olsen KM, Rochwerg B, Rodgers SC, Russell JA, Van den Berghe G. Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency (CIRCI): A Narrative Review from a Multispecialty Task Force of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Crit Care Med. 2017 Dec; 45(12):2089-2098.
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Annane D, Pastores SM, Rochwerg B, Arlt W, Balk RA, Beishuizen A, Briegel J, Carcillo J, Christ-Crain M, Cooper MS, Marik PE, Umberto Meduri G, Olsen KM, Rodgers S, Russell JA, Van den Berghe G. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in critically ill patients (Part I): Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 2017. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Dec; 43(12):1751-1763.
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Annane D, Pastores SM, Arlt W, Balk RA, Beishuizen A, Briegel J, Carcillo J, Christ-Crain M, Cooper MS, Marik PE, Meduri GU, Olsen KM, Rochwerg B, Rodgers SC, Russell JA, Van den Berghe G. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI): a narrative review from a Multispecialty Task Force of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Intensive Care Med. 2017 Dec; 43(12):1781-1792.
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Stroud MH, Sanders RC, Moss MM, Sullivan JE, Prodhan P, Melguizo-Castro M, Nick T. Goal-Directed Resuscitative Interventions During Pediatric Interfacility Transport. Crit Care Med. 2015 Aug; 43(8):1692-8.
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