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overview We are defining the mechanisms of cross-talk between activated fibroblasts and tumor associated macrophages that results in facilitation of breast cancer growth and progression that ultimately kills people with breast cancer. Specifically, we are investigating if activated fibroblasts are capable of converting immune activating macrophages (M1) to immune suppressive macrophages (M2). We are also investigating if immune suppressive macrophages can cause fibroblast activation. Steven R. Post and I have shown that SR-A mediated adhesion of macrophages to modified collagen results in PGE2 production and this PGE2 feeds back onto the macrophages and modulates cytokine production towards an M2 phenotype as evidenced by decreased TNF-alpha and increased IL-10 production (Nikolic et al, 2015, J. Leukocyte Biol. Feb 25. pii: jlb.2A1014-471RR. [Epub ahead of print]). We are currently looking to determine if adhesion of macrophages to FAP-modified collagen also promotes the M2 phenotype. I am an experienced PI with a broad background in cellular biology, and since 1992, I have focused my research on two matrix degrading enzymes—fibroblast activation protein-a (FAP) and heparanase—and their relationship to breast cancer. For over 20 years, I have led an independent research group that studies mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis that has been continuously funded by DoD-BCRP, NIH, and Industry grants and contracts. As a result, I am experienced in successfully administering research projects (e.g., staffing, research protections and budget) and collaborating with both basic and clinical scientists. My research has been published in prestigious cancer journals, such as Cancer Research and Blood. Through this research, my team and I have developed extensive experience with FAP biology in breast cancer.

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