 Observer Variation
"Observer Variation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).
| Descriptor ID |
D015588
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| MeSH Number(s) |
E01.354.753 N02.421.450.600 N05.715.350.150.675 N06.850.490.500.250 N06.850.490.750
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| Concept/Terms |
Observer Variation- Observer Variation
- Observer Variations
- Variation, Observer
- Variations, Observer
- Bias, Observer
- Observer Bias
Intraobserver Variation- Intraobserver Variation
- Intraobserver Variations
- Variation, Intraobserver
- Variations, Intraobserver
- Intra-Observer Variation
- Intra Observer Variation
- Intra-Observer Variations
- Variation, Intra-Observer
- Variations, Intra-Observer
- Intraobserver Variability
- Intraobserver Variabilities
- Variabilities, Intraobserver
- Variability, Intraobserver
- Intra-Observer Variability
- Intra Observer Variability
- Intra-Observer Variabilities
- Variabilities, Intra-Observer
- Variability, Intra-Observer
Interobserver Variation- Interobserver Variation
- Interobserver Variations
- Variation, Interobserver
- Variations, Interobserver
- Inter-Observer Variation
- Inter Observer Variation
- Inter-Observer Variations
- Variation, Inter-Observer
- Variations, Inter-Observer
- Interobserver Variability
- Interobserver Variabilities
- Variabilities, Interobserver
- Variability, Interobserver
- Inter-Observer Variability
- Inter Observer Variability
- Inter-Observer Variabilities
- Variabilities, Inter-Observer
- Variability, Inter-Observer
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Observer Variation".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Observer Variation".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Observer Variation" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Observer Variation" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
|---|
| 2024 | 2 | 2 | 4 | | 2022 | 0 | 5 | 5 | | 2021 | 0 | 3 | 3 | | 2020 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2019 | 0 | 4 | 4 | | 2018 | 0 | 4 | 4 | | 2017 | 1 | 6 | 7 | | 2016 | 1 | 12 | 13 | | 2015 | 0 | 8 | 8 | | 2014 | 0 | 3 | 3 | | 2013 | 1 | 7 | 8 | | 2012 | 0 | 5 | 5 | | 2011 | 0 | 3 | 3 | | 2010 | 0 | 7 | 7 | | 2009 | 0 | 3 | 3 | | 2008 | 0 | 4 | 4 | | 2007 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | 2006 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2005 | 0 | 2 | 2 | | 2004 | 0 | 2 | 2 | | 2003 | 0 | 2 | 2 | | 2002 | 0 | 5 | 5 | | 2001 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 2000 | 0 | 3 | 3 | | 1998 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1997 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1996 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1995 | 0 | 2 | 2 | | 1994 | 0 | 2 | 2 | | 1992 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
To return to the timeline, click here.
Below are the most recent publications written about "Observer Variation" by people in Profiles over the past ten years.
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Jeffus SK, Wooldridge JT, Hoang L, Parra-Herran C, Hamza M, Lindsey M, Verret M, Zoumberos N, Fogel B, Wyeth A, Gama J, Quick CM. Interpretation of p16 and p53 in the Classification of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva-An Interobserver Agreement Study. Am J Surg Pathol. 2025 Feb 01; 49(2):176-187.
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Hajibonabi F, Riedesel EL, Taylor SD, Linam LE, Alazraki AL, Zhang C, Khanna G. Ultrasound-estimated hepatorenal index: diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement for pediatric liver fat quantification. Pediatr Radiol. 2024 09; 54(10):1653-1660.
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Mytinger JR, Albert DVF, Aylward SC, Beatty CW, Bhalla S, Bhatia S, Brock GN, Ciliberto MA, Choudhari PR, Clark DJ, Cohen JM, Czech TM, Fredwall MM, Gonzalez-Giraldo E, Harini C, Hunter SE, Sandoval Karamian AG, Katyayan A, Kistler I, Kulkarni N, Liu VB, McCabe C, Murray T, Neville K, Patel SH, Pavuluri S, Phillips DJ, Samanta D, Sirsi D, Spelbrink EM, Stafstrom CE, Steenari M, Takacs DS, Terrill T, Tran L, Vidaurre J, Shrey DW. A Multicenter Training and Interrater Reliability Study of the BASED Score for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2025 03 01; 42(3):230-234.
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Chhabra A, Duarte Silva F, Mogharrabi B, Guirguis M, Ashikyan O, Rasper M, Park E, Walter SS, Umpierrez M, Pezeshk P, Thurlow PC, Jagadale A, Bajaj G, Komarraju A, Wu JS, Aguilera A, Cardoso FN, Souza F, Chaganti S, Antil N, Manzano W, Stebner A, Evers J, Petterson M, Geisbush T, Downing C, Christensen D, Horneber E, Kim JM, Purushothaman R, Mohanan S, Raichandani S, Vilanilam G, Cabrera C, Manov J, Maloney S, Deshmukh SD, Lutz AM, Fritz J, Andreisek G, Chalian M, Wong PK, Pandey T, Subhawong T, Xi Y. MRI-based Neuropathy Score Reporting And Data System (NS-RADS): multi-institutional wider-experience usability study of peripheral neuropathy conditions among 32 radiology readers. Eur Radiol. 2024 Aug; 34(8):5228-5238.
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Subramaniam RM, Duan FM, Romanoff J, Yu JQ, Bartel T, Dehdashti F, Intenzo CM, Solnes L, Sicks J, Stack BC, Lowe VJ. 18F-FDG PET/CT Staging of Head and Neck Cancer: Interobserver Agreement and Accuracy-Results from Multicenter ACRIN 6685 Clinical Trial. J Nucl Med. 2022 12; 63(12):1887-1890.
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Karamchandani DM, Westerhoff M, Arnold CA, Gonzalez RS, Westbrook LM, Goetz L, King TS, Panarelli NC. Interobserver Variability in Assessment of Depth of Submucosal Invasion for Colonic Endoscopic Resections Among Subspecialized Gastrointestinal Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2022 05 01; 147(5):534-545.
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Lyng Lindgren F, Tayal B, Bundgaard Ringgren K, Ascanius Jacobsen P, Hay Kragholm K, Zaremba T, Holmark Andersen N, M?gelvang R, Biering-S?rensen T, Hagendorff A, Schnohr P, Jensen G, S?gaard P. The variability of 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography applied in a general population : Intermodality, inter- and intraobserver variability. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Oct; 38(10):2177-2190.
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Patel NM, Schmitz MR, Bastrom TP, Ghag R, Janicki JA, Kushare IV, Lewis R, Mistovich RJ, Nelson SE, Sawyer JR, Vanderhave KL, Wallace MJ, McKay SD. Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement are Unsatisfactory When Determining Abstract Study Design and Level of Evidence. J Pediatr Orthop. 2022 Jul 01; 42(6):e696-e700.
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Heckmann ND, McKnight B, Chen XT, Chung BC, Hill JR, Sivasundaram L, Omid R, Hatch GF. Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability of the Sirveaux Classification of Scapular Notching After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2022 Jul-Aug; 45(4):239-243.
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Chan E, Stohr BA, Butler RS, Cox RM, Myles JL, Nguyen JK, Przybycin CG, Reynolds JP, Williamson SR, McKenney JK. Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma With Microcystic Architecture Is Strongly Associated With Extrarenal Invasion and Metastatic Disease. Am J Surg Pathol. 2022 03 01; 46(3):392-403.
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Nash J, Shahwan KT, Chung C, Abidi N, Gokun Y, Pan X, Carr DR. Grading of differentiation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Evaluation of interrater and intrarater reliability. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 10; 87(4):895-897.
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Brown DW, Iorio TJ, Mosher ZA, Beaty JH, Warner WC, Sawyer JR, Spence DD, Sheffer BW, Kelly DM. Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of the Peritubercle Lucency Sign in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Mar 01; 41(3):159-163.
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Ellis HB, Zynda AJ, Cruz AI, Sachleben B, Sargent C, Green D, Schmale G, Jagodzinski J, Rhodes J, Mistovich J, Fabricant PD, McKay S, Lee RJ, Yen YM, Ganley T. Classification and Treatment of Pediatric Tibial Spine Fractures: Assessing Reliability Among a Tibial Spine Research Interest Group. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Jan; 41(1):e20-e25.
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Demkowicz R, Thota PN, Benjamin T, Lopez R, Lu H, Patil DT, Downs-Kelly E, Jeung JA, Lai KK, Lapinski J, Savage EC, Goldblum JR, Gordon IO. Allaying uncertainty in diagnosing buried Barrett's esophagus. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2021 Apr; 51:151672.
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Wright LK, McGaughy F, Kellerman M, Border WL, Sachdeva R. Prognostic significance of tissue Doppler imaging-derived myocardial performance index in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Transplant. 2020 02; 24(1):e13613.
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Limaye K, Bryant A, Bathla G, Dai B, Kasab SA, Shaban A, Samaniego EA, Hasan D, Policeni B, Leira E, Derdeyn C, Ortega-Gutierrez S. Computed Tomography Angiogram Derived From Computed Tomography Perfusion Done with Low Iodine Volume Protocol Preserves Diagnostic Yield for Middle Cerebral Artery-M2 Occlusions. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Dec; 28(12):104458.
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Al Kasab S, Nakagawa D, Zanaty M, Bathla G, Policeni B, Soni N, Allan L, Hudson J, Limaye K, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Samaniego EA, Hasan D. In vitro accuracy and inter-observer reliability of CT angiography in detecting intracranial aneurysm enlargement. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019 Oct; 11(10):1015-1018.
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Kim LHC, Patel A, Kinsella N, Sharabiani MTA, Ap Dafydd D, Cahill D. Association Between Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Urethral Parameters and Continence Recovery Following Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol Focus. 2020 09 15; 6(5):1013-1020.
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Addepally NS, George N, Martinez-Macias R, Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia M, Kim WR, Duarte-Rojo A. Hemoglobin A1c Has Suboptimal Performance to Diagnose and Monitor Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 12; 63(12):3498-3508.
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Allard FD, Goldsmith JD, Ayata G, Challies TL, Najarian RM, Nasser IA, Wang H, Yee EU. Intraobserver and Interobserver Variability in the Assessment of Dysplasia in Ampullary Mucosal Biopsies. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018 08; 42(8):1095-1100.
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Brady NC, Fleming K, Romine RS, Holbrook A, Muller K, Kasari C. Concurrent Validity and Reliability for the Communication Complexity Scale. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018 02 06; 27(1):237-246.
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Barakat MT, Girotra M, Huang RJ, Banerjee S. Scoping the scope: endoscopic evaluation of endoscope working channels with a new high-resolution inspection endoscope (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2018 10; 88(4):601-611.e1.
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Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, Moher D, Tugwell P, Welch V, Kristjansson E, Henry DA. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017 09 21; 358:j4008.
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Eastlack J, Tenorio L, Wadhwa V, Scott K, Starr A, Chhabra A. Sciatic neuromuscular variants on MR neurography: frequency study and interobserver performance. Br J Radiol. 2017 Nov; 90(1079):20170116.
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Liu YC, McElwee T, Musso M, Rosenberg TL, Ongkasuwan J. The reliability of flexible nasolaryngoscopy in the identification of vocal fold movement impairment in young infants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Sep; 100:157-159.
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Sangoi AR, Kshirsagar M, Roma AA, Horvai AE, Chivukula M, Ellenson LH, Fadare O, Folkins AK, Garg K, Hanley K, Longacre TA, Haas J, McCluggage WG, McKenney JK, Nucci MR, Oliva E, Park KJ, Parkash V, Quick CM, Rabban JT, Rutgers JKL, Soslow R, Vang R, Yemelyanova A, Zaloudek C, Beck AH. Interobserver Reproducibility Among Gynecologic Pathologists in Diagnosing Heterologous Osteosarcomatous Component in Gynecologic Tract Carcinosarcomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2017 Jul; 36(4):386-392.
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Carlton EF, Sontag MK, Younoszai A, DiMaria MV, Miller JI, Poindexter BB, Abman SH, Mourani PM. Reliability of Echocardiographic Indicators of Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Preterm Infants at Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2017 07; 186:29-33.
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Nguyen KL, Han F, Zhou Z, Brunengraber DZ, Ayad I, Levi DS, Satou GM, Reemtsen BL, Hu P, Finn JP. 4D MUSIC CMR: value-based imaging of neonates and infants with congenital heart disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017 Apr 03; 19(1):40.
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Carmo Mendes I, Heard H, Peacock K, Krasemann T, Morgan GJ. Echocardiographic Versus Angiographic Assessment of Patent Arterial Duct in Percutaneous Closure: Towards X-ray Free Duct Occlusion? Pediatr Cardiol. 2017 Feb; 38(2):302-307.
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Trindade AJ, Inamdar S, Smith MS, Chang KJ, Leggett CL, Lightdale CJ, Pleskow DK, Sejpal DV, Tearney GJ, Thomas RM, Wallace MB. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy in Barrett's esophagus: interobserver agreement for interpretation of Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplasia among high-frequency users. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 Jul; 86(1):133-139.
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Nawaytou HM, Yubbu P, Montero AE, Nandi D, O'Connor MJ, Shaddy RE, Banerjee A. Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics in Children After Heart Transplantation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 09; 9(9).
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Braileanu M, Yang W, Caplan JM, Lin LM, Radvany MG, Tamargo RJ, Huang J. Interobserver Agreement on Arteriovenous Malformation Diffuseness Using Digital Subtraction Angiography. World Neurosurg. 2016 Nov; 95:535-541.e3.
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Teeter BS, Fox BI, Garza KB, Harris SG, Nau DP, Owensby JK, Westrick SC. Community pharmacy owners' views of star ratings and performance measurement: In-depth interviews. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2016 Sep-Oct; 56(5):549-54.
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Petukhova TA, Foolad N, Prakash N, Shi VY, Sharon VR, O'Brecht L, Ali IA, Feldstein S, Halls J, Wang Q, Li CS, Sivamani RK. Objective volumetric grading of postacne scarring. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Jul; 75(1):229-31.
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Faramawi MF, Delongchamp R, Said Q, Balamurugan A, Hassan A, Abouelenien S, Ismaeil M. High-normal blood pressure is associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in the US adults. Blood Press. 2017 Feb; 26(1):18-23.
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Parra-Herran C, Taljaard M, Djordjevic B, Reyes MC, Schwartz L, Schoolmeester JK, Lastra RR, Quick CM, Laury A, Rasty G, Nucci MR, Howitt BE. Pattern-based classification of invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma, depth of invasion measurement and distinction from adenocarcinoma in situ: interobserver variation among gynecologic pathologists. Mod Pathol. 2016 08; 29(8):879-92.
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Bilandzic A, Fitzpatrick T, Rosella L, Henry D. Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews of Non-Randomized Studies of Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Thiazolidinediones and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: Application of a New Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. PLoS Med. 2016 Apr; 13(4):e1001987.
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Zaheer S, Iancu D, Seppala N, Patro S, Glikstein R, Thornhill RE, Lum C. Quantitative non-contrast measurements improve diagnosing dural venous sinus thrombosis. Neuroradiology. 2016 Jul; 58(7):657-63.
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Goda A, Ryo K, Delgado-Montero A, Tayal B, Handa R, Simon MA, Gorcsan J. The Prognostic Utility of a Simplified Biventricular Echocardiographic Index of Cardiac Remodeling in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016 06; 29(6):554-60.
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Torres C, Hogan M, Patro S, Chakraborty S, Nguyen T, Thornhill R, Freedman M, Bussiere M, Dabirzadeh H, Schwarz BA, Belanger S, Legault-Kingstone L, Schweitzer M, Lum C. Extracranial Venous abnormalities: A true pathological finding in patients with multiple sclerosis or an anatomical variant? Eur Radiol. 2017 Jan; 27(1):239-246.
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Patro SN, Chakraborty S, Sheikh A. The use of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) technique in evaluation of patients with cervical spine trauma: impact on radiation dose reduction and image quality. Br J Radiol. 2016; 89(1060):20150082.
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Singh Ospina N, Maraka S, Espinosa DeYcaza A, O'Keeffe D, Brito JP, Gionfriddo MR, Castro MR, Morris JC, Erwin P, Montori VM. Diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodule growth to predict malignancy in thyroid nodules with benign cytology: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016 07; 85(1):122-31.
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Ramamurthy S, Kelleman MS, McGaughy F, Sachdeva R. Semiautomatic Evaluation of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion from Two Dimensional Echocardiographic Images. Echocardiography. 2016 May; 33(5):674-80.
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Koleilat I, Jaeggli M, Ewing JA, Androes M, Simionescu DT, Eidt J. Interobserver variability in physician-modified endograft planning by comparison with a three-dimensional printed aortic model. J Vasc Surg. 2016 Dec; 64(6):1789-1796.
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Redwine KM, James LP, O'Riordan M, Sullivan JE, Blumer JL. Accuracy of the Spacelabs 90217 ambulatory blood pressure monitor in a pediatric population. Blood Press Monit. 2015 Oct; 20(5):295-8.
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Ryo K, Goda A, Onishi T, Delgado-Montero A, Tayal B, Champion HC, Simon MA, Mathier MA, Gladwin MT, Gorcsan J. Characterization of right ventricular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension associated with patient outcomes by 3-dimensional wall motion tracking echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Jun; 8(6).
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